ืžื“ื™ื”

ืืคืจื™ืœ 21

ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืฉืœื ืืจื ื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื ื—ื•ืฅ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ืื•ืก ื”ืฉื•ืจืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ืžื”ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขื ืงื™ื - ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืœืงื•ืจื•ื ื”... ืขื•"ื“ ืจื•ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžื–ื•ืจ, ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื•ืจืืฉ ืชื—ื•ื ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ืจื•ืื™ื™ื ื” ืœ@ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ื•ื ืชื ื” 7 ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื›ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืฉืœื ืฉื™ืœืžืชื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™. .ืงืจื™ืื” ืžืขืฉื™ืจื”
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 21

ืงื ื™ืชื ื‘ื–ื•ืœ ืืฆืœ 'ืจืžื™ ืœื•ื™'? ืœืคื™ ื—ืงืœืื™ ืžืžื•ืฉื‘ ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืจื ืข, ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•! ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”, ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ืช ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืขืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืกื—ื•ืจื” ืžืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืชืœื•ื ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ: "ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื”ืคืš ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืจื•ื•ื—". ื•ืžื” ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช? ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ - "ื”ืืžืช ืชืชื‘ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ". ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื–ื” ืื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื. ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื“? ืงืจืื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื” ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืืชืจ Ynet
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 20

ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืจื—ื‘! ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื•ืชืž"ืœ ื•ืจืž"ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉื™ื–ืžื” ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช 1728 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ืขืœ ืงืจืงืข ืฉื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื ื’ื‘. ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœืขื•"ื“ ืจื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืŸ, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ื•ืœืขื•ื”"ื“ ืฉืœื™ ืœื‘-ืฉืจืžืŸ ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืฆื’ื• ืืช ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—. ืงืจืื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 20

ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•: ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื“ื—ืชื” ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ืœืชื•"ื‘ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื’ื“ืœ ื“ื™ื–ื ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืชย ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช ืงืฉื” ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืกื›ื ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื”.ย  ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื›ื ืขื•ย ืขื•ื”"ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ ื•ืืœื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช? ืงืจืื• ืืช ื”ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื” ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก.ย 
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 20

ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืฉืœ TheMarker ืขื ืฉื•ืชืคื ื•, ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื ืขืจืš ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืžื›ืจื– ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืืชืจื™ื, ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื–ืจืงื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื–ื™ื”ื” ื›ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื: ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืชื‘"ืข; ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ืฉืกืชื•ื ืืžื•ืจืคื™ื™ื ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื–ืžื™ื; ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™; ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื›ืื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืืœืฆื™ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื•ืขื•ื“.
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 20

ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื” ื—ืœืคื” ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื” (ื”ืคืขื โ€“ ืื•ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืš), ื•ื‘ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืจื™ื›ื–ื• ืืช ื”ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉ'ืขืฉื• ืืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜' ื”ื—ื•ืœืคืช. ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืืช ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ืง "ื“ืœื™ ื“ืœื™ื”", ื‘ื• ืขืกืง ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžืชื™ ืชื•ื›ืจ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ? ื•ืื ืชื•ื›ืจ ื›ื–ื• - ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”? ืกืงืจื ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื“?
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 20

ื—ื’ื™ ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื™ื™ืฉืžืจื• ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื’ืคื”? ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ? ืขื•"ื“ ื”ื“ืก ืฉื’ื™ื, ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืืชืจ YNET.
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 20

ืื ื‘ื“ืŸ ืื ื“ ื‘ืจื“ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืงื‘ืขื•, ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื ืชื•ื•ื›ื—? ื’ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื“ื•ืจื’ ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื•ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืœื™. ื•ื”ืืžืช? ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืคืชื™ืข... ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื•ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”!

ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 20

ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืกื™ื•ืžื• ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื™ื•ื–ื, ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืืจื˜ืืคื™ื/ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข, ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืื›ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื ืื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื-ื’ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืื›ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืžืจื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ืจืฆืœื™ื”, ื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ืื’ืจื•-ื˜ืง, ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืขืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“. ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• 14 ืกื˜ืืจื˜ืืคื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื’ื™ื•ืก ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื, ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื; ื”ืกื˜ืจื˜ืืคื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืืช ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื”ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืคืื ืœ ืฉืœ 10 ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ), ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืขืกืงืช ื”ืฉืงืขื”. ื ืงื•ื•ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ, ืฉืขื•ืจืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘, ืื›ืŸ ื™ื ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช. ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืืœื” ื”ืคืงื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืื™ื ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ื›ื›ืœ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ืขืœ-ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื”. ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉืขืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืืชื’ืจ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื–ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืชืคื ื• ืขื•"ื“ ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜, ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืคืงืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”.

ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 20

SBGTW ื’ืื” ืฉื™ื™ืฆื’ื” ืืช PulseNmore ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœื• ืขื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืื—ื“ ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ HMO ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืจื›ืฉ ื•ืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉืœื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืกืื•ื ื“ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืคื•ืชื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ PulseNmore ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืกืจื™ืงื•ืช ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืกืื•ื ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžืจื•ืคื ืื• ืกื•ื ื•ื’ืจืฃ, ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš covid-19 ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ SBGTW ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช PulseNmore: ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜, ืœื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืจืฉืฉืช ืคืจื™ ื•ืฉื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื•ืŸ.
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 20

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื” ืืชืžื•ืœ ืืช ืขืจืขื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืคืกืง ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2018 ื•ืงื‘ืข: "ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื” ื—ืœื” ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืžื›ืจื–". ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”, ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ื™ื™ืฆื’ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ื ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื—ืชืžื” ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืืชืจื™ื - ืื—ื“ ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื•ืคืชื•ื— โ€“ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืกืชืžื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืคืฉืจื” ืฉืื•ืชื• ื—ืชืžื” ืขื ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื•"ื“ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ: "ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ื”ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื‘ื‘ื•ืืŸ ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชืŸ, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ืจื•ืื•ืช ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื–ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื."
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ื™ื•ืœื™ 20

ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ื ื™ืกื ืงื•ืจืŸ, ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžืฉืจื“ื• ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื›ืฉืขืœ ื”ืคืจืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ืขื•"ื“ ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื›ื˜, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื•ืจืืฉ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืฉืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "ื”ืขืžืงืช ื”ื”ื ื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ"
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ื™ื•ืœื™ 20

ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืคืจืกื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื: ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื”, ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”, ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจืž"ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ. ืขื•"ื“ ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื›ื˜, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื•ืจืืฉ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ "ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืกืกื•ืช ืžืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืžื ืฆื™ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ ื•ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”".
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืžืื™ 20

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืงื‘ืข: ื ื™ืžื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ื ืงืœืขื• ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืื™ื ื• ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืชืž"ื 38. ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ืจ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ืชืž"ื 38 ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืžื‘ื ื”. ืขื•ื”"ื“ ืกืœืื ื—ืืžื“ ื•ืชื•ืžืจ ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืš ืžืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื™ื™ืฆื’ื• ืืช ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื” ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ืจื’ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืžืื™ื™ื
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืžืื™ 20

ืื™ ืฉื ื‘-2007, ื›ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื ื™ื”ืœื• ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก - ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจืืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ "ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ" >> 13 ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžื’ืคืช ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืงื•ืคืกื”, ืœื ื˜ื•ืฉ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืœืืžืฅ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ืงืจืื• ืืช ืžืืžืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืœืื ื—ืืžื“, ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•.
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืืคืจื™ืœ 20

ื›ืฉื ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืจืชืžื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ 'ืžื”ื™ื•ื ืœืžื—ืจ' ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืœืืกืคืงื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ, ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืืจืฅ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช, ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื›ื–ื”. ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื•ื, ื›ืš ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืขืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”" โ€“ ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ ืขื•"ื“ ืืœื™ืจืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื›ืžืŸ, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืืคืจื™ืœ 20

ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืกื’ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™: ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™, ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•"ื“ ืืœื™ืจืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื›ืžืŸ ืžืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ืฉืœื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื›ื™ "ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ืฉื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืœืช ืกื’ืจ ื‘ื”ื โ€“ ืื™ื ื ื” ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ืจืื•ื™ื”, ื•ืขืœ-ื›ืŸ โ€“ ืคืกื•ืœื”". ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ื” "ืกื’ื™ืจื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื’ื ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื".
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืืคืจื™ืœ 20

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื•ืœืœ, ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ. ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ ื•- Shelly Lev Sherman ืžืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืชื™ืจื” ื ื’ื“ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื’ื–ืจ, ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ืคืขืœืช ืืชืจ ืคืกื•ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ืง ื•ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—. ืขื•ื“ ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื ื›ื™ "ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืืกื•ืจื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื“ื™ ืžืคื’ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื—ืงืœืื™".
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืืคืจื™ืœ 20

ืื 1+1 = 2, ื”ืื 1+1 ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื 11? ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื”, ืงืจืื• ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ ืืช ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื ื•, ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ, ืฉืžื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื›ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืฉืœื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื”.
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืืคืจื™ืœ 20

ื”ืื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืœืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื? ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื! ืื– ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื“ืจืฉ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ื™ื•ื? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ. ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืื—ืจืช? ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื•ื”"ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ ื•ื“ืŸ ืื•ืจ, ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ื–ืžื ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ โ€“ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื ืขื•ืฆื” ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ "ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขืฆืžื™". ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื•ื”"ื“ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ ื•ืื•ืจ, "ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืืฆืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืงื— ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื—ืชื ื”ื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ". ืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืชื•ื”ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื›ื™ืฆื“?
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 20

ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืœื”ืงืžืช 148 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืช ื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื”ืฆืขื”, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื›ื•ื ืก ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ืœื—ืœื˜ ืืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกืš 33 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืจื–. ืขื•"ื“ ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื›ื˜, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื•ืจืืฉ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื“ื” ืžืจืงืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื˜ืขื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชืŸ.
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 19

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืขืžื“ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื”. ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืกืžื›ื•ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ. ืขื•ื”"ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ ื•ืกืœืื ื—ืืžื“, ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืžืกืžืŸ ืชืžืจื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ืจ ืœ'ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช' ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ - ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜:
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 19

ืขื•"ื“ ื˜ืœื™ ื’ืจืื™ืคืจ ืฆื•ืจืคื” ื›ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืœื™ื˜ื™ื’ืฆื™ื” ืขื•"ื“ ื’ืจืื™ืคืจ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืœืชื” ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ืกืžื›ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื’ืจื•ืก ื—ื•ื“ืง ืงืœื™ื ื”ื ื“ืœืจ ื•ืฉื•ืช'. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขื‘ื“ื” ื›ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ื‘ื• ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ืœื™ื˜ื™ื’ืฆื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015 ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ื’ืจืื™ืคืจ ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืœื™ื˜ื™ื’ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ืœื™ื˜ื™ื’ืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.

ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 19

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืกืคื— ืืœื™ื” ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™? ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืœื ืจืื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื”? ืงืจืื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก ืืช ืžืืžืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื“ ืœื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืจืฉืฉืช, ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื”ืžืชืžื—ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 19

ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ZUTA CORE โ€“ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช SilicoNegev ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžื˜"ืข (ืžืจื›ื– ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช), ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื•ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืžื™ื–ืžื™ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื ื’ื‘. ื”ื–ื•ื›ื”, ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื“ืจื•ืช, ืคื™ืชื—ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ืœืฉืจืชื™ื, ืฉืœื ืจืง ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื ืชื•ืŸ, ืืœื ื’ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”. ืขื•"ื“ ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ื’ืื” ืœืœื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœืขืžื•ืชืช ืžื˜"ืข ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” 500,000 ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื ืง ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื’ื‘. ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”!
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ื™ื•ืœื™ 19

ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜, ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื›-20 ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืชืง ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื›ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืžืฉืจื“ื ื•. ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื“ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืชืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื”ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง ื•ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช. ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ืœื™ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื™ื™ืฆื’ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžื™ื˜ืจืœื™ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช; ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื•ื™ื™ืก ื‘ืขืกืงืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื; ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื˜ื™ืคืœ ื‘ืขืกืงืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ FCB ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ONE1; ื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื ื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื—ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช IDB, ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืœื”ืงืžืช ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื’ื•ืœื”; ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ืืฃ ืžื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื "ืืœื™ืื ืก", ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืจืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื™ื˜ื™ื’ืฆื™ื”. ื›ืžื•-ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืขืžื™ืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“. ืขื•"ื“ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืจื›ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืœืชื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1994 ืœ-1998 ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืฉื ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื (ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช) ื•ื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืคืจื˜ื™. ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืคืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขื‘ืจ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™, ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง, ืืฉืจ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืชืžื–ื’ ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ื”"ื“ ืฉื‘ืœืช. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ื”ืชืžืงื“ ืขื•"ื“ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื ืง ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื›ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืžืฉืจื“ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืขื“ ืฉืจื’ื ื•ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืขืกืง ืขื•"ื“ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ-ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื• ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื™ื™ืฆื’ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืกื˜ืืจื˜-ืืค ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืข ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื” ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื•ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื’ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื’ื™ื•ืกื™ ื—ื•ื‘, ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืจื›ืฉ, ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ืžืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื• ื™ื™ืฆื’ ืขื•"ื“ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืืช ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ืืกื•ืชื ื‘ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืจื›ืฉ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื˜ื™ืคืœ ื‘ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”-IT ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื’ื’, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ; ืขืกืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืจื”-ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžื•ื›ืจืช; ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขืกืงืช ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™-ืงืคื™ื˜ืœ; ื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช DeKelOil (ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื ืกื—ืจืช ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ) ื‘ืžื™ื–ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืคืขืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืžืŸ ื“ืงืœื™ื ื‘ื’ืื ื”, ื•ืขื•ื“. ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื™ืจื›ื– ืขื•"ื“ ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื›ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจ-ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืชืงื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืชืณ ื ื•ืกื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1992 ื•ืžื•ื ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื›-35 ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ, ืžืชื•ื›ื 14 ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื ื”ืœื™, ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ, ืœื™ื˜ื™ื’ืฆื™ื”, ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืจืฉืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ELG ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืกื—ืจื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช Cathay Associates ื”ืžืื’ื“ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขื ืงืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.

ืžืื™ 19

ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื‘ืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื—ืงืœืื™ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื. ืืœื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื–ืจื– ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชืžืจื•ืฅ ืฉื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืชืคื• ืคืขื•ืœื” - ื•ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงืจืงืข - ื”ืจื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ืš ื•ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืœื ืขืœ ืžืœื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืขืกืงื•ืช ืืœื”. ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืŸ ื•ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื›ื˜ ืžืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจืงืข ืœื”ืฉื‘ื”, ืžื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื™ "ืขืžื“ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ืขื ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ืœื ืขื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—"
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืžืื™ 19

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื”, (ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื• ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื™ื), ื”ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ื“ืจื” ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 47 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ. ื‘ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื ืคืœื• ืคื’ืžื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ื˜ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข. "ืžืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื“ืจื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืก ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื”", ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืคืกื™ืงื”. ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ื“ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆื’ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืคืจ ื‘ืจ ืื•ืŸ, ืจื•ื™ืช ื‘ืจืขื ืžื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉืจืžืŸ ืžืžืฉืจื“ื ื•.
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืืคืจื™ืœ 19

ื ื™ืกื™ืชื ืคืขื ืœืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจื ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ืฉืชื• ืขืœื™ื›ื? ืื ื›ืŸ โ€“ ื•ื“ืื™ ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ืœืื™ื–ื• ืขืจื›ืื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื™ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”. ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื˜ืจื ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื™ืฉ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืืจื ื•ื ื”, ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืจื˜ืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื ื•ืชืจื” ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื™ื. ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื? ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ - ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘. ืงืจืื• ื‘ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก - Globes ืืช ืžืืžืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื“ ืœื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืจืฉืฉืช ืคืจื™ , ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื”ืžืชืžื—ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืืคืจื™ืœ 19

ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืœืื—ืจ 31 ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืคืจืฉ "ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื" ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ืขื“ื›ื ื™: "ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช". ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืกืงื™, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ืขืช, ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช: "ืžื”ื• ื›ื•ื— ืฉื•ืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™"? ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ? ืงืจืื• ื‘ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก - Globes ืืช ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื“ ืขืคืจ ื‘ืจ-ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•:
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 19

ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ: ื‘ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช "ืฉื‘ืก ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ" ืืฉืจ ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื“ 30% ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืืœื• ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, "ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื‘"ืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืฃ ื™ื–ื ืœื ื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ืฉื‘ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืฉืจื›ืฉ ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข... ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืก, ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ืืœื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืชืื•ืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ..."
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 18

ืขื•ื”"ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ ืืœื™ืจืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื›ืžืŸ, ืฉืœื™ ืœื‘ ืฉืจืžืŸ ื•ืขื ื‘ืจ ื˜ืœ ืžืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื ื”ืžืœื—, ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืžืชื—ื ื—ืžื™ ืขื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื™, ื‘ืขืชื™ืจืชื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืืฉืจ ืงื‘ืขื” ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื ื–ืงื™ ื‘ื•ืœืขื ื™ ื™ื ื”ืžืœื—, ืžืกืจื‘ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ "ืขืœ ื ื–ืง ืฉืœ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืžืขื ืง ืฉืœ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ื•ื’ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืžืฉ"
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 18

ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืœื™ื˜ื™ื’ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•: ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื ืคืกืงื• 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ โ‚ช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื. ืขื•"ื“ Amir Witkon, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื• - Tali Graifer ืขื•"ื“ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื”, ื™ื™ืฆื’ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ืืฉืจ ืขืชื” ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืžืจืชืงื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฆื™-ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžืชื ื”ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืช"ื?
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 18

ืขื•"ื“ ืืœื™ืจืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื›ืžืŸ, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื, ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืžืื‘ืงื ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื›ื™ื”. ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžื™ื™ื‘ื•ื ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื”ื ื’ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื”ื, ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ื™ "ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— - ืื™ื ื• ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœื”ืคืงืจืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ืœื”ืคืงืจืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช". ืขื•"ื“ ืกื˜ืจื™ื›ืžืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื™ "ืชืžื•ื” ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ืชื•ืจื›ื™ื” ืื™ื ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืคืจื™ื, ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ 'ืคืจืก' ืœืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื›ื™ืช". ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื“?
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 18

ืขื•"ื“ ืชื•ืžืจ ื’ื•ืจ, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืืœื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉื•ืžืช ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœื” ืขืœื™ื” ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืงื• ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื’ืจืฉ ืฉืžื›ืจื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืงื” ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ืชืฉืœื•ื; ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื•ืขื ืช, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื•"ื“ ื’ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืจื›ื‘ืช ืงืœื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื’ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ืงืœื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืชืงื“ื™ืžื™?
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ื™ื•ื ื™ 18

ืขื•"ื“ ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื›ื˜, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ืœื™ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืกืงื” ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืงืจืงืข ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ 7 ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ื‘ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื•ื”. ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืœืžื” ืชืฉืžืฉ ื”ืงืจืงืข? ื”ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื” ืžืจืงืจ
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืžืื™ 18

ืžืฆ"ื‘ ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื“ ืชื•ืžืจ ื’ื•ืจ, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ืืฉืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก โ€“ ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืืžืจื•, ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืคืกื™ืงื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื•ืช, ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื”, ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืขื•"ื“ ื’ื•ืจ ื›ื™ "ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื ื—ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืฉืžืื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžืœื ื—ืœืœื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ืฆื•ื“ืงืช ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืจืš, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืื™-ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืจื‘ื”". ืงืจื™ืื” ืžืขืฉื™ืจื”.
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 18

ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืจ, ื ืคืกืง ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื•ืช ื™ืคืฆื• ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช EMG ื‘-1.033 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื–ืืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืœืืกืคืงืช ื’ื– ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ื›ืขืช ืชื•ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ EMG ืฉืงืจืกื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ื”ืื ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉื ืคืกืง ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื "ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ" ืžื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื”. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื•"ื“ ืืžื™ืจ ื•ื™ืชืงื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืœื™ื˜ื™ื’ืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, "ืื EMG ืชืฆืœื™ื— ืœืืชืจ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื - ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื” ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช". ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื“? ื”ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 18

ืžืฆ"ื‘ ืคืจืกื•ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขื•"ื“ ืืœื™ืจืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื›ืžืŸ, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ื‘ืฉืžื ืฉืœ ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืžื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืกืคื’ื• ื ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืืกืคืงืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ 2013. ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืžื ืฉืœ 132 ื—ืงืœืื™ื. ื•ืื•ืœื, ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื - ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื โ€“ ื”ืชื•ื•ืกืคื• ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื” 170 ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื•-ืืค ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 18

ืžืฆ"ื‘ ืคืจืกื•ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก , ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ืขื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืืฉืจ ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืœื”ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘"ืคื˜ื ื˜" ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ืขื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฆืื• ื•ืืฉืจ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืŸ, ืชื•ืš ื™ื™ืฉื•ื "ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžืฆืœื™ื—", ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืช ื‘ืจืขื ืžื–ื•ืจ, ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ืืฉืจ ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืžืจื•ืื™ื™ื ืช ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉื–ื›ืชื” ืœื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก.
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ื™ื ื•ืืจ 18

ืžืฆ"ื‘ ืคืจืกื•ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก, ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืช"ื, ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืœืื•ืŸ - ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ื‘ืฉื ืœืงื•ื— ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืืชืจื™ื ืœื™ื–ืžื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ื™ื ื•ืืจ 18

ืกื•ืฃ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”: ื‘ืขืœืช ืขืกืง ื‘ืื™ืœืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื” ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”, ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉืœื ืœื” ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืกืš 22 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื ื“ื—ื•. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื• ื”ื ื—ืจืฆืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืœืคื™ื”: "ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืชืงืŸ ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ืช ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื", ืขืจืขืจื” ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื ื“ื—ื• ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื”. ื”ืคืขื ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืกืš 20 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื” ื›ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ืช. ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืชืคืชื ื•, ืขื•"ื“ ืจื•ื™ืช ื‘ืจืขื-ืžื–ื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืฆื’ื” ืืช ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืื™ืœืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš. ืงืจืื• ืืช ื”ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื”:
ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ื™ื ื•ืืจ 21

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2021:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ-ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 20

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ - ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2020:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช - ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืกื’ืจ

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืื•ืฉืจื• ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืฉืžื›ื•ื—ืŸ ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืกื’ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ื 27.12.2020 ื•ืขื“ ืœื™ื•ื 9.1.2021 (ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”) (ืœื”ืœืŸ: "ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืกื’ืจ").
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื โ€“ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“

ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืขื™ื•ื ื›ื ืžื–ื›ืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื โ€“ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“". ืื ื• ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื•ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื–ื”, ื”ื ื›ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื โ€“ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ืชื ืื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”), ืชืฉืก"ื‘-2002

ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืœืคื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื” ืคื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืง. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืžืฆืื ื• ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ืชื ืื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”), ืชืฉืก"ื‘-2002 (ืœื”ืœืŸ: "ื”ื—ื•ืง").
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ-ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 20

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ - ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2020:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืคืกื™ืงื” ืชืงื“ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืข"ืž ื‘ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื

ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืขื™ื•ื ื›ื ืžื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ืคืกื™ืงื” ืชืงื“ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืข"ืž ื‘ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื". ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื–ื”, ื”ื ื›ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•"ื— ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื’ื–ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืื’ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืขื™ื•ื ื›ื ืžื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•"ื— ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื’ื–ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืื’ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™". ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื–ื”, ื”ื ื›ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”

ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืขื™ื•ื ื›ื ืžื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”". ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื–ื”, ื”ื ื›ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉืชืงื” ื•ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชืจืื”

ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืขื™ื•ื ื›ื ืžื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉืชืงื” ื•ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชืจืื”". ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื–ื”, ื”ื ื›ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืžื–ื›ืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช - ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืงืคื” ืฉืœ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืคืช

ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืขื™ื•ื ื›ื ืžื–ื›ืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืงืคื” ืฉืœ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืคืช ืžื˜ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช". ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืœื™ื•ื 28.10.20 ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืืœืฅ ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืฆื™ื’ ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ืืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืคืช, ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื ืขื“ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืงื‘ ืžื—ืœื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื›ืกืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื•. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื–ื”, ื”ื ื›ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ื™ื•ืœื™-ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 20

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืœื™ - ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2020:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ืžืื™ 20

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ 2020:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ืืคืจื™ืœ 20

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2020:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ืžืจืฅ 20

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืจืฅ 2020:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื™ื“, ื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• - ื”ื›ื™ืฆื“?

ื”ืงืคืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืขื–ืช ื•ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ืช ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืคืงืง . ืื‘ืœ ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ื“ืจืฉ ืื•ืžืฅ.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”

ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื™ื, ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ืชืฉืžื— ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช!
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ20

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2020:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ื™ื ื•ืืจ 20

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2020:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 19

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2019:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2019

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2019:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” - ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2019

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2019:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื”ืืชื’ืจ

ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื•ืจืื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ืžืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืจื ื•ื ื” ืจื˜ืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ โ€“ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื™ืขืฉื”

ื ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืืจื ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ืฉืชื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืืœืฆื™ื, ืœื ืื—ืช, ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉืืœื” ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืกืžืš ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื”ื โ€“ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื” ื•ืขืจืจ, ืื• ืฉืžื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ืจื” ืžื ื”ืœื™ืช?
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช โ€“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื

ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื” (2019) ื ืžื•ื’ ืœื• ื•ื ืขืœื ืžื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื ื• ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื, ืชืฉืž"ื—-1988, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขืžื• ื ืขืœืžื• ื’ื "ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื", "ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื" ื•"ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื"... ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืชืคืกื• "ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื”ืชืฉืž"ื—-1988", "ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช", "ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช" ื•-"ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช".
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืข ื›ืคื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืช?

ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื’ื ื”. ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื ืฉืžืขืช, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืžืคื™ ื”ื ืชื‘ืข, ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื•ืœื”ื“ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื‘ืจื, ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืš โ€“ ืงืจื™, ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืช, ื›ื ื’ื“ ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื’ื ื”, ื”ืžื•ืขืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืชื‘ืข? ื ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื–ื”, ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช - ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืกืจ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืกืคืงื™ื

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืกืจ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืกืคืงื™ื, ื”ืชืฉืข"ื– 2017- ("ื”ื—ื•ืง") ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžื›ืกื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืกืคืงื™ื ื‘ืขื“ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฉืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”- OECD. ื”ื—ื•ืง ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ื—ื•ืง ื—ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื, ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชืŸ), ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืชื•ืงืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืขืกืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ืžื•ืจืฉื”.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

17.7.2017

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื” ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœื” ืกืขืจื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืฉืจ ืื™ื™ืžื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ื–ืืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืกื™ืœื•ืง ื•ืœืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื, ืชืฉืก"ื–-2007, ืฉืœื— ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื•ื”"ื ื”ื‘ื™ื "ืœ 2017: ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื - ืœื ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช

ื‘-25 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ". ืื•ืœื, ืื ืคืขื ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืขื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื™ื—ืกื™. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื•"ื“ ื’ืœ ืฉื ื™ืจ, ืžื ื”ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื“ืžื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื ืชืคืกื™ื ืืฆืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื›ืžืขื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ 'ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช', ืื• ื›ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื” ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืฉ'ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืขืฆืžื'. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืขื•"ื“ ืฉื ื™ืจ, ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืฉื. ืงืจืื• ืืช ืžืืžืจื• ื”ืžืœื ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืœืจื’ืœ 'ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™'
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืกื™ืœื•ืง ื•ืœืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื โ€“ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช

ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืœืกื™ืœื•ืง ื•ืœืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื, ืชืฉืก"ื– โ€“ 2007 ("ื”ื—ื•ืง") ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืกืœื•ืง ื•ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืžืฉื™ื, ืœืคื™ ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ("ื”ืžืžื•ื ื”"). ื™ื‘ื•ืืŸ ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ืžื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ. ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื, ืžื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื ืคื™ื ืืœื”. ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื™ื™ืฆื’ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ืืฉืจ ืกื‘ืจื• ื›ื™ ืคืขืœื• ื›ืฉื•ืจื”, ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-26 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื™ืœื ื•ืช - ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ืคืกืง ื–ืžืŸ, ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ื•, ืœืžืขื ื ื• ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืœื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืื• ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงืœ - ืœื ื ืืžืจื” ื”ืžืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”

ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงืœ - ืœื ื ืืžืจื” ื”ืžืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉื•ืœืœ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื, ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื”. ืœืœื ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืงื•ืช - ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ืขื–ื• ืœืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ื•ืจ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคืจื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืงืœ, ื”ืฉื•ืœืœ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื ื™ืชื ื• "ืื™ืชื•ืชื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื" ื‘ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ืžื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ื–ื•.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืชื—ืžื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืืงืจืื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืชื—ืžื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ (ื•ืชืž"ืœ) ืžืขืœื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ืืš ืกืคืง ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืจืขื‘ ืœืœื—ื, ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื• ืžืืคื™ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœืช. ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ. ื›ืš, ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืจืขื‘ ืœื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืš ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื• ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืชืžืดืœ, ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืœื—ืžื™ื ื—ืฆื™ ืืคื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืžื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืขื.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ

ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื™ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื. ืžื“ื•"ื— ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื›โ€“ 310 ืืœืฃ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื›โ€“ 20 ืืœืฃ ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 20 ืืœืฃ ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช. , OECDโ€“ ื”
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื™ื— ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ "ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื", ื•ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช โ€“ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื

ืฉื ื™ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ืจื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืœืืœื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช: ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืช ื™ืœื“ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ 15 ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื“ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” (ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืช ื™ืœื“) ืงื•ื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœืช ื™ืœื“ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœืช ื”ื™ืœื“, ืกืคื™ืจืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืชืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ. ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื”ื.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ

ืžื˜ื” ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื˜ื” ืงืกื. ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉื•ืง ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืฉื•ืง ื”ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ืกืœื•ืœืจ, ื”ืžื•ืžื ื˜ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืฉืจ. ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” "ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”", ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจืŸ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืจืข, ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ืก, ื“ื•ื”ืจ ืืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืกืœื•ืœืจ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ - ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื. ืชื™ืคื•ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช ืชื‘ื•ื ืื—ืจืช. ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืง ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™......
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช- ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื

ื‘ื™ื•ื ื” โ€“ 1.7.2016 ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืคื” ื”ืคืขื™ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืฉื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง. ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ื” ื‘ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2016 ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืขื“ื›ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ 12 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื (ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื’ืžืœ), ื”ืชืฉืก"ื”- 2005, ืขืœ ืื™ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื• ืžืžื ื•, ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื• ื•ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื•.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืคืจืกื•ื ื“ื•"ื— ืจื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื

ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2016, ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืœื™ืืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš ื ื•ืกื— ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉื˜ืจื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืฃ, ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื“ืจื’ ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืขื‘ื•ืจ "ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื", ื›ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื ื‘ืชืงื ื” 5ื’ ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš (ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื), ื”ืชืฉ"ืœ- 1970 (ืœื”ืœืŸ: "ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ").
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” 2016- ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื ืคื™ืงื•ืช

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืื•ืฉืจื• ืžืกืคืจ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื”ืชืฉื "ื˜- 1999 ("ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช") ื•ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืชืงื ื• ืžื›ื•ื—ื•, ืžืชื•ืš ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ืืฉืจ ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืชื ืคืงื ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื” ืœื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื ืกื™ืงืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืขืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘-16%, ื•ืžื™ืงืžื• ืืช ื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜ ื›ืื—ืช ืžื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”. ืขื•"ื“ ืขืคืจ ื‘ืจ-ืื•ืŸ, ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ืขืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™. ืงืจืื• ื›ืขืช:
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

"ืจืžื–ื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืง" - ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื“ื™ืฉื™ื, ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ, ื•ืขื ื›ืžื” ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืฉื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืกื‘ืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื›ืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ืฆืืชื ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื–ื• ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืžืืชื’ืจืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ืื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืคืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืœืืœื• ืฉื‘ื ื’ื‘?

ื”ืื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืคืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืœืืœื• ืฉื‘ื ื’ื‘? ืขื•"ื“ ืืœื™ืจืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื›ืžืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืžื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ ืœื›ื•ืœื
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืœื•ื“ื”?

ืขื•"ื“ ืขืคืจ ื‘ืจ-ืื•ืŸ, ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ืขืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืชืกื‘ืกื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื”: ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืจื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืœืกื‘ืกื“ ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื” (2016) ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืื™ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘? ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืชื•ื—!

ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชืŸ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœืจืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื ื›ืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ืŸ ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื•, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช: ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช, ืชื™ืขื•ืœ ื•ื ื™ืงื•ื–, ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืžืฆื ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืก.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

"ื”ื“ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืŸ"

ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืขื™ืฃ 9ื‘(ื‘) ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื•ืช, ืจืฉืื™ ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืกืงื™ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืžื™ื ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ืฆื• ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืื—ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืœื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื• ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืืฉืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื• ื™ื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืฆื•, ื›ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืืจื ื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื• ืžืืจื ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ืื• ื”ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื™ื—ื•ืœืงื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื™ ืื•ืชื• ืื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืื—ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืื• ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื”.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื‘ืคืชื— ืฉื ืช 2016 ื›ื ื™ืกืชืŸ ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉื‘ื—

ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืก ื”ืฉื‘ื— ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื“ืจื‘ืŸ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื ื›ืกื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืจ.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘

ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืคื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืกื™ืœื•ืง ื•ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื, ืชืฉืก"ื– โ€“ 2007, ืืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื) ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื•ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขืœ ื”ืืฆืช ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ืืฆืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื—ื™ื•ื ื™. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืืœืคื™ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืงื˜ืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฉืง ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื• ืœื”ื˜ื‘ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ืœืฆื“ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ, ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืจ-ื”ืฉื’ื” ื•ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืืฆืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื (ื”ื•ืจืืช ืฉืขื”), ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืจืงืžื™ื ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื (ื•ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”"ื ื›ื•ืŸ", ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื” "ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ", ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืฆื™ืคื•ืฃ ื™ืชืจ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ืฉื™ื”ื•ื• ื‘ื›ื™ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช..) ื™ืฉืคืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื™ืžืชื’ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื™ืžืฉื›ื• ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื™ื‘ืกืก ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”, ื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื”, ื™ืฉื“ืจื’ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“. ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฆืœืช ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืžื™ื“ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจืชื™ื™ื.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืชืคื—ื™ืช ื”ืžืข"ืž ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช?

ื‘-15 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2015 ื”ื ื™ื—ื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ ืืช ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืžืข"ืž ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืž-27% (ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™) ืœ-5%
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืชื•ืกืคืช ื“ื™ืจื•ืช - ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช

ืขื•"ื“ ืจื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืฉืจ ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืœืืฉืจ ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืขื“ 20% ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืง.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžืกื—ืจ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขืกืง

ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื (Brands). ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ืง ืื• ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืœืฉื•ืง ืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ "ืžื™ืชื•ื’" ืขืกืงื™. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื ื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœื•.....
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืขืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืขื ืคื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขื•ื’ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜ . ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืขื ืคื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืžืคืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

Waiver of Employees' Royalties for Service Inventions

The Israeli Committee for Compensation and Royalties, established under the Israeli Patents Law โ€“ 1967 (the โ€œCommitteeโ€), rendered a groundbreaking ruling on May 4, 2014 that puts an end to a period of legal uncertainty existing from the breakthrough case of Actelis Networks vs. Yishai Ilani [February 3, 2010] related to the right of employees to benefit from compensation for service inventions...
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ 140 ืž"ืจ, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 19(ื’) ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”

ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื ื›ืก ื‘ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ื ื•ืฆืจืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื‘ื™ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื ื›ืก. ื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช 100 ืž"ืจ ืขืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื‘ื™ื—ื”, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช 150 ืž"ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืขืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ื™ื—ื”, ื ื•ืฆืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื”. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ืจืง ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืก "ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ื›ืกืฃ", ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื, ื”ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ื™ื ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ืœื ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื‘ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

ื‘ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืืœื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžืฉื-ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื’ื•ืจื ื–ืจ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชื’ืœืขื•ืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื’ื•ืจื ื–ืจ. ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช ื”ืžืฆ"ื‘.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”, ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›-1,440,000 ืื™ืฉ ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›-18% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ื—ื•ืฉื™ืช (ืœืงื•ืช ืจืื™ื™ื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืขื”), ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืื• ืฉื›ืœื™ืช. ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืžื• ืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืš ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื“ืจื™ื ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื• ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœืฆื“ืง, ืฉื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืกื•ืฃ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ืชื’ืœืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœื”ื (ื‘ื’"ืฅ 3250/13)...
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืื• ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื›ื•ื— ืชืž"ื 38

ืชืž"ื 38 ื”ื™ื ื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืชืืจ ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”. ืชืž"ื 38 ื›ืœืœื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ืจืกืชื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉื ืช 2005, ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื–ืง ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœืฉื ื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื: ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื (ืกืขื™ืคื™ื 11 ื•-14 ืœืชืž"ื).
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

Safe Harbor Defense Regarding Use of Inside Information

Section 52 of the Israeli Securities Law- 1968 (the "Securities Law") prohibits forbidden use of inside information, as defined below, of companies whose securities are offered to the public, or traded on a stock exchange and are held by the public ("Insider Trading"). Underlying this prohibition is the principle of fairness and the desire to prevent parties with access to a Company or its information, from abusing their position in order to gain benefits, at the expense of the investors who do not have such access.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื” ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ

ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืขืจืขื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืจืฉืช ืฉื•ืคืจืกืœ ื‘ืข"ืž ("ืฉื•ืคืจืกืœ") ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืืคืจื™ื ืจื•ื–ื ื”ื•ื™ื–, ื•ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืกื—ืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืจ, ("ืจื•ื–ื ื”ื•ื™ื–" ื•"ื’ื™ื“ื•ืจ", ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“: "ื”ืžืขืจืขืจื™ื"), ื•ื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขืชื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื›ื•ื‘ืœ, ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื, ื”ืชืฉืž"ื—- 1988 ("ื”ื—ื•ืง") ืขืœ ื›ื ื”. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืžืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ืงื ืก ื›ืกืคื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืจื•ื–ื ื”ื•ื™ื– ื™ืจืฆื” ืžืืกืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืงื ืก ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื”, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ืžืงืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืžื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืื™ืคื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื?

ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื—ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื™, ืขื ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช, ืขื•ืœื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื”, ืœืคื™ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ืœืฆื“ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื•ืช.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 25 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช

ื ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืชื›ื ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชืงืคื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ืกืง, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช. ื‘ื™ื•ื 6 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2014 ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืžืก' 25 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื”ืชืฉื "ื˜ โ€“ 1999 (ืœื”ืœืŸ: "ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•-"ื”ื—ื•ืง", ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”). ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชืงืคื• ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ืžื•, ืงืจื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื 6 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2015...
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืชืื‘ื“ ื›ืœื›ืœื™

ืžื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื›ืœืคื™ ืœืงื•ื—ื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื‘ื ืง ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืœืงื•ื— ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœ"ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช" (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื”ืคืกื“ ื›ืกืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืขืงื‘ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช)? ื”ืื ื”ื‘ื ืง ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืœืงื•ื— ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื• ื›ืื•ื•ืช-ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืžืชืŸ ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช; ืื• ืฉืžื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžืขื™ืŸ "ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืก" ืขืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื• ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืฃ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื• ื•ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื• ื”ื•ื? ....
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื—ื“ื™ืœื” ื›ืžื’ืŸ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืงื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื (ืชื—ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช: "ื™ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื”"), ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื•ืชื” ื›"ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื ื™ืช". ื‘ื”ืชืื ืžื•ืฆื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื-ืื—ืช ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื•ืชื ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉืœื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™, ืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ืืจื ื•ื ื” ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ืฆื™ื“ื•ืงื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื...
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื›ื ืื•ืช

ื‘ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืืœื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื’ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืงื™ืก ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืœืื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ืžืฉื ืช 2003, ื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืก ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื ื™ืืจื™ ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ, ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื›ื›ืชื‘ื• ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ื ื•. ื”ืžืชื ืขืจื™ื ืžืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื "ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื™" ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืžื’ืŸ ืœืืžืฅ ืคื•ื’ืžืช ื‘"ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช" ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื›ื™ ืื ืจืฆื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™...
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื–ื” ื ื‘ืงืฉ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ืžืœ, ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืคื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2016, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืขืœ ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ืžืก ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™- ื•ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ื ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื”

ืงืจืื• ืืช ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื“ ืืœื™ืจืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื›ืžืŸ, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื•, ืขืœ ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืžื˜ื™ื‘ ืขื ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืžื”ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื–ืืช?

ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "ืžื“ื“ ื—ื•ืฃ ื ืงื™". ืžืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื“ื•ืจื’ื• ื›ื ืงื™ื™ื - ื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืž61% ืžื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืœ34% ืžื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื. ืงืจืื• ืืช ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื“ ื’ืœ ืฉื ื™ืจ
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช โ€“ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ืงื™ืงื”: ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืื‘ื•ืช; ื”ืขืœืืช ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื

ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ื 1.7.2016, ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืคื• ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืชืฉื™"ื โ€“ 1951, ื•ืœืคื™ื• ืžื›ืกืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืขื“ 4 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ 15 ื™ืžื™ื ืงืœื ื“ืจื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ื” (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื”). ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชื ื”ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ (ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื ื ืขื“ืจื• ื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข), ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื, ื›ืš ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื ื•, ืœ- 11 ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืื ื”ื ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ 5 ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื•- 13 ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ 6 ื™ืžื™ื.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื›ืกืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื

ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ื 1.7.2016, ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืคื• ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืชืฉื™"ื โ€“ 1951, ื•ืœืคื™ื• ืžื›ืกืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืขื“ 4 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ 15 ื™ืžื™ื ืงืœื ื“ืจื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ื” (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื”). ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชื ื”ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ (ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื ื ืขื“ืจื• ื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข), ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื, ื›ืš ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื ื•, ืœ- 11 ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืื ื”ื ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ 5 ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื•- 13 ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ 6 ื™ืžื™ื.
ืงืจื ืขื•ื“